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          <section id="main" style="float:none;"><article id="post-Mysql/MySql开启SSL安全认证" style="width: 75%; float:left;" class="article article-type-post" itemscope itemprop="blogPost" >
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      MySql开启SSL安全认证
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        <h1 id="MySql之开启SSL安全认证"><a href="#MySql之开启SSL安全认证" class="headerlink" title="MySql之开启SSL安全认证"></a>MySql之开启SSL安全认证</h1><p><strong>【思考】：为什么要开启ssl认证？</strong></p>
<p><strong>SSL</strong>（Secure Socket Layer：安全套接字层）利用数据加密、身份验证和消息完整性验证机制，为基于TCP等可靠连接的应用层协议提供安全性保证。</p>
<blockquote>
<p>SSL协议提供的功能主要有：</p>
<p>1、 数据传输的机密性：利用对称密钥算法对传输的数据进行加密。<br>      2.、身份验证机制：基于证书利用数字签名方法对服务器和客户端进行身份验证，其中客户端的身份验证是可选的。<br>      3、 消息完整性验证：消息传输过程中使用MAC算法来检验消息的完整性。</p>
<p>如果用户的传输不是通过SSL的方式，那么其在网络中数据都是以明文进行传输的，而这给别有用心的人带来了可乘之机。所以，现在很多大型网站都开启了SSL功能。同样地，在我们数据库方面，如果客户端连接服务器获取数据不是使用SSL连接，那么在传输过程中，数据就有可能被窃取。</p>
</blockquote>
<p><strong>【测试方式】在MySQL服务器端通过tshark抓包的方式来模拟窃取数据。验证、对比，未使用SSL和使用SSL两者在安全性上有什么不同？</strong></p>
<p>1、未使用SSL和使用SSL安全性对比</p>
<p>1）未使用ssl：在客户端上对数据库做插入数据操作。服务端进行抓包</p>
<p><img src="https://gitee.com/lindaifeng/my-images/raw/master/img/818283-20170621182629820-1095511691.png" alt="img"></p>
<p><img src="https://gitee.com/lindaifeng/my-images/raw/master/img/818283-20170621182714210-1420612562.png" alt="img"></p>
<p><strong>【结论】未使用SSL情况下，在数据库服务器端可以通过抓包的方式获取数据，安全性不高。</strong></p>
<p>2）使用ssl：与上述同样的操作。</p>
<p><img src="https://gitee.com/lindaifeng/my-images/raw/master/img/818283-20170621183247554-1671875359.png" alt="img"></p>
<p><img src="https://gitee.com/lindaifeng/my-images/raw/master/img/818283-20170621183434241-1944183268.png" alt="img"></p>
<p><strong>【结论】没有抓到该语句，采用SSL加密后，tshark抓不到数据，安全性高。</strong></p>
<h2 id="二、Mysql5-7-SSL的配置与启用"><a href="#二、Mysql5-7-SSL的配置与启用" class="headerlink" title="二、Mysql5.7 SSL的配置与启用"></a>二、Mysql5.7 SSL的配置与启用</h2><p>在MySQL5.7安装初始化阶段，我们发现比之前版本多了一步操作，而这个操作就是安装SSL的。</p>
<figure class="highlight plaintext"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">shell&gt; bin/mysqld --initialize --user=mysql    # MySQL 5.7.6 and up</span><br><span class="line">shell&gt; bin/mysql_ssl_rsa_setup                 # MySQL 5.7.6 and up</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p>当运行完这个命令后，默认会在data_dir目录下生成以下pem文件，这些文件就是用于启用SSL功能的：</p>
<figure class="highlight plaintext"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">[root mysql_data]# ll *.pem</span><br><span class="line">-rw------- 1 mysql mysql 1675 Jun 12 17:22 ca-key.pem         #CA私钥</span><br><span class="line">-rw-r--r-- 1 mysql mysql 1074 Jun 12 17:22 ca.pem             #自签的CA证书，客户端连接也需要提供</span><br><span class="line">-rw-r--r-- 1 mysql mysql 1078 Jun 12 17:22 client-cert.pem    #客户端连接服务器端需要提供的证书文件</span><br><span class="line">-rw------- 1 mysql mysql 1675 Jun 12 17:22 client-key.pem     #客户端连接服务器端需要提供的私钥文件-rw------- 1 mysql mysql 1675 Jun 12 17:22 private_key.pem    #私钥/公钥对的私有成员-rw-r--r-- 1 mysql mysql 451 Jun 12 17:22  public_key.pem     #私钥/公钥对的共有成员-rw-r--r-- 1 mysql mysql 1078 Jun 12 17:22 server-cert.pem    #服务器端证书文件-rw------- 1 mysql mysql 1675 Jun 12 17:22 server-key.pem     #服务器端私钥文件</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p>这时从数据库服务器本地进入MySQL命令行，你可以看到如下变量值：</p>
<figure class="highlight plaintext"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">root&gt; mysql -h 10.126.xxx.xxx -udba -p</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">###查看SSL开启情况</span><br><span class="line">dba:(none)&gt; show global variables like &#x27;%ssl%&#x27;;</span><br><span class="line">+---------------+-----------------+</span><br><span class="line">| Variable_name | Value           |</span><br><span class="line">+---------------+-----------------+</span><br><span class="line">| have_openssl  | YES             |</span><br><span class="line">| have_ssl      | YES             |    #已经开启了SSL</span><br><span class="line">| ssl_ca        | ca.pem          |</span><br><span class="line">| ssl_capath    |                 |</span><br><span class="line">| ssl_cert      | server-cert.pem |</span><br><span class="line">| ssl_cipher    |                 |</span><br><span class="line">| ssl_crl       |                 |</span><br><span class="line">| ssl_crlpath   |                 |</span><br><span class="line">| ssl_key       | server-key.pem  |</span><br><span class="line">+---------------+-----------------+</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p><strong>【注意】：如果用户是采用本地localhost或者sock连接数据库，那么不会使用SSL方式了</strong></p>
<h2 id="三、配置SSL安全认证"><a href="#三、配置SSL安全认证" class="headerlink" title="三、配置SSL安全认证"></a>三、配置SSL安全认证</h2><p>如果安装MySQL57时没有运行过mysql_ssl_rsa_setup，那么如何开启SSL呢？</p>
<figure class="highlight plaintext"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">1)、关闭MySQL服务</span><br><span class="line">2)、运行mysql_ssl_rsa_setup 命令</span><br><span class="line">3)、到data_dir目录下修改.pem文件的所属权限用户为mysql</span><br><span class="line">    chown -R mysql.mysql *.pem</span><br><span class="line">4)、启动MySQL服务</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>


      
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